There is sufficient evidence to support the fact that climate change is occuring and that this is set to accelerate. While some scholars argue that climate change is largely due to natural changes, others postulate that anthropogenic factoes are the major cause. Climate change associated with increasing levels of carbondioxide is likely to affect developed and developing countries differentlu, with major vulnerabilities occuring in low-latitude regions. This book presents research findings and case studies with the endeavour to inform policies geared towards addressing problems emanating from these changes. Climate variability raises concerns over the future of agriculture, conditions of land and water availability. Therefore, climate change amplifies many economic and social risks, as well as deteriation of the enviroment. At the same time, non-climatic risk factors such as economic instability, trade liberalization, conflicts and poor governance all inflict upon vulnerable communities. Key discussions rest on: Climate Change in Africa:its impacton rural communities, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change, financial requirements of reducing green house gases, technological transfer and natural resources; Case Studies of Vulnerability to Climat Change and Variability in Eastern and Southern Africa: experiences of impacts and adaptation to extreme events,concrete experiences from farmers and crop production adaptation; and Challenges and Opportunities to Climate Change Adaptation:factors that influence choice of response strategies, challenges and opportunities for ecosystem-based approaches; and challenges and opportunities from the use of bio-fuels as mitigation measure to climate change