TY - BOOK AU - Asnbro, John J. TI - The credos of eight Black leaders: converting obstacles into opportunities SN - 978076183240 U1 - 305.8960730922ANS PY - 2004/// CY - Lanham PB - University Press of America KW - African American political activists -Biography. African American political activists -Intellectual life. African American leadership -History. African American Philosophy. African Americans -Politics and government. Racism -Political aspects-United States-History. Civil rights movements-United States -History. Civil rights movements-South Africa -History-20th century. United States-Race relations -History. South Africa-Race relations-History -20th century N1 - Includes bibliographical references (p. [231]-234) N2 - Based on a detailed analysis of 21,000 pages of primary works including numerous biographies, this book presents that author's formulations of the objectives, strategies, and tactics of eight African-American and African activists_Frederick Douglass, Booker T. Washington, Marcus Garvey, W.E.B. Du Bois, Malcolm X, Martin Luther King, Nelson Mandela, and Archbishop Desmond Tutu ER -