TY - BOOK AU - Fukuzawa, Yukichi. TI - An outline of a theory of civilization SN - 9780231150736 U1 - 901FUK PY - 2009/// CY - New York PB - Columbia University Press KW - Civilization--Philosophy N1 - Includes bibliographical references and index N2 - In Outline of a Theory of Civilization, the author's most sustained philosophical text, Fukuzawa translates and adapts a range of Western works for a Japanese audience, establishing the social, cultural, and political avenues through which Japan could connect with other countries. Echoing the ideas of Western contemporaries such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Walt Whitman, Fukuzawa encouraged a grassroots elevation of the individual and national spirit, as well as free initiative in the private domain. Fukuzawa's bold project articulated thoughts that, for him, bolstered the material evidence of Western civilization. He argued that the essential difference separating Western countries from Japan and Asia was the extent to which citizens acted like free and responsible individuals ER -